Washington DC, 4 de abril de 1949¹
- 04 Apr. 1949 -
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- Last updated 09-Dec-2008 15:16
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Las Partes de este Tratado reafirman su fe en los propósitos y principios de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y su deseo de vivir en paz con todos los pueblos y todos los Gobiernos. Decididos a salvaguardar la libertad, la herencia común y la civilización de sus pueblos, basados en los principios de la demo-cracia, las libertades individuales y el imperio de la ley. Deseosos de promover la estabilidad y el bienestar en la zona del Atlántico Norte. Resueltos a unir sus esfuerzos para la defensa colectiva y la conservación de la paz y la seguridad. Acuerdan, en consecuencia, este Tratado del Atlántico Norte:
Artículo 1
Las Partes se comprometen, tal y como está establecido en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, a resolver por medios pacíficos cualquier controversia internacional en la que pudieran verse implicadas de modo que la paz y seguridad internacionales, así como la justicia, no sean puestas en peligro, y a abstenerse en sus relaciones inter-nacionales de recurrir a la amenaza o al empleo de la fuerza de cualquier forma que resulte incompatible con los propósitos de las Naciones Unidas.
Artículo 2
Las Partes contribuirán a un mejor desarrollo de las relaciones inter-nacionales pacíficas y amistosas reforzando sus instituciones libres, asegurando una mejor comprensión de los principios en los que se basan estas instituciones y promoviendo las condiciones adecuadas que favorezcan la estabilidad y el bienestar. Tratarán de eliminar conflictos en sus políticas económicas internacionales y estimularán la colaboración económica entre varias o todas las Partes.
Artículo 3
A fin de lograr más eficazmente la realización de los fines del presente Tratado, las Partes, actuando individual y conjuntamente de manera continua y efectiva mediante la aportación de sus propios medios y prestándose asistencia mutua, mantendrán y acrecentarán su capacidad individual y colectiva de resistir a un ataque armado.
Artículo 4
Las Partes se consultarán cuando, a juicio de cualquiera de ellas, la integridad territorial, la independencia política o la seguridad de cualquiera de las Partes fuese amenazada.
Artículo 5
Las Partes acuerdan que un ataque armado contra una o más de ellas, que tenga lugar en Europa o en América del Norte, será con-siderado como un ataque dirigido contra todas ellas, y en conse-cuencia, acuerdan que si tal ataque se produce, cada una de ellas, en ejercicio del derecho de legítima defensa individual o colectiva reconocido por el artículo 51 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, ayudará a la Parte o Partes atacadas, adoptando seguidamente, de forma individual y de acuerdo con las otras Partes, las medidas que juzgue necesarias, incluso el empleo de la fuerza armada, para res-tablecer la seguridad en la zona del Atlántico Norte. Cualquier ataque armado de esta naturaleza y todas las medidas adoptadas en consecuencia serán inmediatamente puestas en cono-cimiento del Consejo de Seguridad. Estas medidas cesarán cuando el Consejo de Seguridad haya tomado las disposiciones necesarias para restablecer y mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales.
Artículo 6 2
A efectos del artículo 5, se considerará ataque armado contra una o varias de las Partes, el que se produzca:
- Contra el territorio de cualquiera de las Partes en Europa o en América del Norte, contra los departamentos franceses de Argelia3, contra el territorio de Turquía o contra las islas bajo la jurisdicción de cualquiera de las Partes en la zona del Atlántico Norte al norte del Trópico de Cáncer.
- Contra las fuerzas, buques o aeronaves de cualquiera de las Partes que se hallen en estos territorios, así como en cualquier otra región de Europa en la que estuvieran estacionadas fuerzas de ocupación de alguna de las Partes en la fecha de entrada en vigor del Tratado, o que se encuentren en el Mar Mediterráneo o en la región del Atlántico Norte al norte del Trópico de Cáncer.
Artículo 7
El Tratado no afecta ni se podrá interpretar que afecte de modo alguno a los derechos y obligaciones derivados de la Carta para las Partes que son miembros de las Naciones Unidas, ni a la responsabilidad primordial del Consejo de Seguridad en el mantenimiento de la paz y de la seguridad internacionales.
Artículo 8
Cada una de las Partes declara que ninguno de los compromisos internacionales actualmente en vigor entre ella y cualquiera otra Parte o cualquier tercer Estado está en contradicción con las disposiciones de este Tratado, y se compromete a no contraer compromiso internacional alguno que se contraponga a lo convenido en este Tratado.
Artículo 9
Las Partes establecen, por la presente disposición, un Consejo en el que cada una de ellas estará representada para examinar las cuestiones relativas a la aplicación de este Tratado. El Consejo estará organizado de manera que pueda reunirse rápidamente en cualquier otro momento. El Consejo establecerá cuantos órganos subsidiarios puedan ser necesarios y en particular establecerá inmediatamente un Comité de Defensa que propondrá las medidas apropiadas para la puesta en práctica de los artículos 3 y 5.
Artículo 10
Las Partes pueden, por acuerdo unánime, invitar a ingresar a cualquier Estado europeo que esté en condiciones de favorecer el desarrollo de los principios del presente Tratado y de contribuir a la seguridad de la zona del Atlántico Norte. Cualquier Estado que sea así invitado puede ser Parte del Tratado depositando el instrumen-to de adhesión correspondiente ante el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América. Este Gobierno informará a cada una de las Partes de haberse efectuado el depósito de dicho instrumento de adhesión.
Artículo 11
Este Tratado será ratificado y sus disposiciones aplicadas por cada una de las Partes conforme a sus preceptos constitucionales respectivos. Los instrumentos de ratificación serán depositados, tan pronto como sea posible, ante el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América, que informará a los Gobiernos de las otras Partes del depósito de cada instrumento de ratificación. El Tratado entrará en vigor entre los Estados que lo hayan ratificado, cuando las ratificaciones de la mayoría de los signatarios, incluidas las de Bélgica, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Francia, Luxemburgo, Países Bajos y Reino Unido hayan sido depositadas. Y entrarán en vigor con respecto a los otros Estados en la fecha que depositen sus ratificaciones respectivas.
Artículo 12
Cuando el Tratado lleve diez años de vigencia, o en cualquier fecha posterior, las Partes se consultarán, si una de ellas lo solicita, con vistas a revisar el Tratado teniendo en cuenta los factores que en dicho momento puedan afectar a la paz y la seguridad en la zona del Atlántico Norte, incluyendo el desarrollo de acuerdos tanto de ámbito mundial como regional, concluidos de conformidad con la Carta de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz y seguridad internacionales.
Artículo 13
Pasados veinte años de vigencia del Tratado, cualquiera de las Partes podrá dejar de serlo, un año después de haber notificado su denuncia ante el Gobiernos de los Estados Unidos de América, el cual informará a los Gobiernos de las otras Partes del depósito de cada notificación de denuncia.
Artículo 14
Este Tratado, cuyos textos en inglés y francés dan fe por igual, será depositado en los archivos del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América. Este Gobierno remitirá copias debidamente certificadas a los Gobiernos de los demás Estados signatarios.
- El Tratado entró en vigor el 24 de agosto de 1949, tras ser depositados los instrumentos de ratificación de todos los Estados firmantes Modificado según el artículo 2 del Protocolo de adhesión al Tratado del Atlántico Norte de Grecia y Turquía.El 16 de enero de 1963 el Consejo tomó nota de que en la medida en que pudiera afectar a los antiguos Departamentos franceses de Argelia, las clausulas referentes a este Tratado quedaron sin efecto a partir del 3 de julio de 1962.
FAQs
What is the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty? ›
Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington Treaty, NATO is a security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe. NATO's fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means.
What does the North Atlantic Treaty say? ›The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the ...
Who signed the North Atlantic Treaty for the US? ›President Harry S. Truman and Vice President Alben Barkley watch as Secretary of State Dean Acheson signs the North Atlantic Treaty, 4 April 1949.
Why is NATO called OTAN? ›To make it easier for so many countries to communicate, NATO has two official languages: English and French. This means that it also has two acronyms -- in French, NATO is OTAN, which stands for Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord.
What is NATO for dummies? ›NATO is an alliance of countries from Europe and North America. It provides a unique link between these two continents, enabling them to consult and cooperate in the field of defence and security, and conduct multinational crisis-management operations together.
What countries are not in NATO? ›- Andorra.
- Armenia.
- Austria.
- Azerbaijan.
- Belarus.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Cyprus.
- Finland.
Since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea and destabilisation of eastern Ukraine in 2014, NATO has adopted a firm position in full support of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders.
How many countries are in NATO? ›At present, NATO has 30 members. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Is the US still in NATO? ›Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states.
Why did the US join NATO? ›The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. NATO was the first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere.
What good things has NATO done? ›
Member countries are afforded collective security, just as NATO originally sought to do. Additionally, NATO has created a global network of more than 40 countries and other partners around the globe—ranging from the African Union to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Who was the original enemy of NATO? ›It is often said that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union.
Why did France pull out of NATO? ›In 1966, due to souring relations between Washington and Paris because of the refusal to integrate France's nuclear deterrent with other North Atlantic powers, or to accept any collective form of control over its armed forces, French president Charles de Gaulle downgraded France's membership in NATO and withdrew France ...
When did France leave NATO? ›Did you know that France hosted NATO for 15 years? And that although it withdrew from NATO's military structure in 1966, it remained an Ally? What was President de Gaulle's rationale?
Is Japan a member of NATO? ›Is Japan in NATO? No, Japan is not in NATO.
Is Ukraine a part of NATO? ›Some 69% of Ukrainians want to join NATO, according to a June 2017 poll by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation, compared to 28% support in 2012 when Yanukovych was in power. On 30 September 2022, Ukraine formally applied to join NATO, following Russia's annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine.
Is China a part of NATO? ›For the first time, NATO members included China in the Strategic Concept as posing a “systemic challenge” to Euro-Atlantic security. NATO 2022 Strategic Concept, NATO, June 29, 2022.
Is Mexico a part of NATO? ›No. NATO is an open-ended commitment and requires troops in offensive capacity in other countries. This is not the Mexican way. The Mexican army doesn't even buy equipment if it determines that there is no legitimate in-country defensive reason for owning it.
Who are the most powerful countries in NATO? ›In 2022, the United States had the largest number of military personnel out of all North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, with 1.35 million troops. The country with the second largest number of military personnel was Turkey, with just around 447,000 personnel.
Which NATO country has no army? ›Iceland has not had a standing army since 1869, but is an active member of NATO. The Crisis Response Unit is a military expeditionary peacekeeping force.There is also an extensive militarised Coast Guard incorporating an air defence system, and a police service, including a police tactical unit.
What happens if one NATO country attacks another? ›
The NATO Alliance consists of 30 member states from North America and Europe. Article Five of the treaty states that if an armed attack occurs against one of the member states, it should be considered an attack against all members, and other members shall assist the attacked member, with armed forces if necessary.
Why can NATO countries not help Ukraine? ›Why are Nato countries not sending troops? Article 5 of Nato's charter obliges countries to come to the defence of a fellow Nato member if attacked, but since Ukraine is not part of Nato, its member countries have stopped short of sending troops on to its territory.
Is NATO responding to Russia? ›Fact: NATO fully abides by the NATO-Russia Founding Act. In response to Russia's illegal and illegitimate annexation of Crimea and military build-up close to Alliance borders, NATO has deployed four multinational battlegroups – around 4,500 troops – to Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Poland.
What are the 30 countries that are in NATO? ›Currently, there are 30 member countries of NATO namely Albania, Bulgaria, Belgium, Croatia, Canada, Denmark, France, Greece, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, ...
What country owns NATO? ›The current member states of NATO are Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, ...
Will Ukraine join NATO? ›“We are de facto allies,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared in September when announcing his country's bid to join NATO “under an accelerated procedure.” “De facto, we have already completed our path to NATO.
How big is NATO army? ›Combined number of military personnel in NATO countries 2014-2022. The combined number of military personnel among NATO member states amounted to approximately 3.3 million personnel in 2022, compared with 3.27 million in the previous year.
Is the US the leader of NATO? ›NATO's chief military officer, the supreme Allied commander Europe, is traditionally an American, and the secretary general has traditionally been a European.
Are US troops under NATO command? ›The United States participates in two commands in Europe, its own and NATO's Allied Command, Europe. The command structures are similarly organized and have basically the same overall mission, to provide a combat-ready force to deter aggression from the Warsaw Pact nations.
What countries are not in NATO 2022? ›Six EU member states, all who have declared their non-alignment with military alliances, are not NATO members: Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Ireland, Malta, and Sweden. Additionally, Switzerland, which is surrounded by the EU, has also maintained their neutrality by remaining a non-EU-member.
Why was Russia kept out of NATO? ›
The Russia–NATO relations began to deteriorate, following the Ukrainian Orange Revolution in 2004–05. In October 2021, following an incident in which NATO expelled eight Russian officials from its Brussels headquarters, Russia suspended its mission to NATO and ordered the closure of the NATO office in Moscow.
Who are Russia's military Allies? ›The Collective Security Treaty Organization is a Russian-led intergovernmental military alliance of six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
What does the US gain from being in NATO? ›“These bases in Europe are not only for Europe, they enable the U.S. to project military power across the wider Middle East and Africa providing a clear strategic advantage in the fight against terrorism and other threats.
Why is NATO so powerful? ›Nato's capability
The core principle of Nato's international military alliance is a system of collective defence, meaning if any member state is attacked by a third party, every member state must step in to defend it.
In many cases, alliances promise military support if one member is threatened, a formal commitment known as mutual security. The core of NATO's strength comes from Article 5 of its founding treaty—a commitment that an attack on one member country will be considered an attack on the entire alliance.
Has a NATO member ever been invaded? ›The 11 September attacks in the United States, a NATO member, invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. It remains the only time since NATO's inception that an attack from an external party or state has been deemed an attack on all NATO members.
Has NATO ever been to war? ›It was during the monitoring of the no-fly-zone that NATO engaged in the first combat operations in its history by shooting down four Bosnian Serb fighter-bombers conducting a bombing mission on 28 February 1994.
Why is Australia not part of NATO? ›A world map reveals that, first, Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere and, second, it lies not in the Atlantic Ocean but, rather, in the Indian and Pacific oceans. NATO is principally for the nations located in the region of the North Atlantic and also nations neighboring or near such nations.
When did Russia leave NATO? ›On 1 April 2014, NATO issued a statement by NATO foreign ministers that announced it had "decided to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia.
Has France rejoin NATO? ›That vision came true when France announced its return to full participation at the 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit.
Why was Germany let into NATO? ›
Ten years after the Nazis were defeated in World War II, West Germany formally joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense group aimed at containing Soviet expansion in Europe.
Which European countries are not in NATO? ›Together with Austria, Cyprus, Ireland, and Malta, Finland and Sweden are the only EU states that are not members of NATO. Both have been militarily neutral since World War II, although the end of the Cold War reignited the NATO question in both countries.
Why are there no US military bases in France? ›In 1967 the American military facilities were closed as a result of France's withdrawal from NATO's integrated military command.
Has Turkey left NATO? ›Turkey has been a member of NATO since 1952, has its second largest army and is the host of the Allied Land Command headquarters. The Incirlik and Konya Airbases have both been involved in several NATO military operations since their establishment. The current Ambassador to NATO is Levent Gümrükçü.
Who was the last country to join NATO? ›The most recent member states to join NATO were Montenegro on 5 June 2017 and North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. In July 2022, NATO invited Finland and Sweden to join the organization, and the ratification process for the two countries is in progress. In September 2022, Ukraine applied for NATO membership.
Does the US have to defend Japan? ›If a nation plans to attack Japan, the attacker must be prepared to confront not only the defense capability of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF), but also the overwhelming military strength of the United States, due to the U.S. obligation to defend Japan in the event of an armed attack.
Is Israel a part of NATO? ›The alliance offers an arena through which Israel could strengthen its ties with democracies and with Mediterranean countries, including Turkey. Israel has enjoyed a special relationship with NATO for over three decades and was the third country to gain non-NATO alliance status as early as 1989.
What was the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty quizlet? ›What is NATO? From its founding, NATO's primary purpose was to unify and strengthen the Western Allies' military response to a possible invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies.
What is the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization quizlet? ›The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO was an organization created in 1949 to assist in providing protection against the Soviet Union. The organization was originally established by The United States, Canada, and some Western European countries but has expanded over the years.
How does NATO benefit the US? ›NATO is the essential forum for transatlantic security – the only place where the United States meets daily with our Allies to address shared security challenges together.
How did NATO impact the Cold War? ›
During the Cold War, NATO focused on collective defence and the protection of its members from potential threats emanating from the Soviet Union. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of non-state actors affecting international security, many new security threats have emerged, such as terrorism.
What was an outcome of the North Atlantic Treaty quizlet? ›What was an outcome of the North Atlantic Treaty? All members agreed to treat an attack on one as an attack on all.
Why does NATO still exist? ›Fundamentally, NATO has endured because it is a community of shared values – of democracy, freedom, market economics, solidarity, and mutual respect. The United States and our partners share a strong interest in preserving this partnership – it has worked to our common benefit for 70 years and continues to do so today.
Which country was not a member of NATO quizlet? ›Ukraine is not a member of NATO.
What NATO created? › Has NATO ever helped the US? ›Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has completed thirteen missions including two in the United States (Hurricane Katrina relief and post-9/11 air reconnaissance patrol).
What countries is the US obligated to defend? ›The United States has signed and ratified seven defense treaties that remain active today: the Rio Treaty (1947); NATO (1949); and bilateral defense commitments with Australia and New Zealand (ANZUS) (1951), the Philippines (1951), Korea (1953), and Japan (1960).
Why did Ukraine join NATO? ›The interim Yatseniuk Government which came to power initially said, with reference to the country's non-aligned status, that it had no plans to join NATO. However, following the Russian military invasion in Ukraine and parliamentary elections in October 2014, the new government made joining NATO a priority.